Anatomy of a URL in World

This is the format of the URL:

protocol: / / host / path / filename

For example, this is a URL from the site of the U.S. Senate of a live video stream sent by a camera pointed at the U.S. Capitol:

http://www.senate.gov/general/capcam.htm

This is typical of the URL addresses hosted in domains in the United States. The structure of this URL is shown below.

• Protocol: http


• Host computer name: www


• Second-level domain name: Senate


• Top-level domain name: gov


• Directory name: general


• File name: capcam.htm

Note how much information about the content of the file is present in this well-constructed URLs.
Several top-level domains (TLDs) are common in the United States:

com---->commercial enterprise

edu---->educational institutionU.S.

gov---->government entityU.S.

mil---->military entity

net---->network access provder

org---->usually nonprofit organizations

Additional domain names were approved in November 2000 by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN):. Biz,. Museum,. Info,. Pro (for professionals). Name (for individuals),. Aero (for the aerospace industry ), and. coop (for cooperatives). ICANN continues to investigate proposals for additional addding domain names. In the Meantime, unconventional domain names have been marketed outside of the system, for example,. Tv for sites that offer content similar to television broadcasts.
In addition, dozens of domain names have been assigned to identify and locate files stored on servers in countries around the world. These are referred to as country codes, and have been standardized by the International Standards Organization as ISO 3166. For example:

ch---->Switzerland

de---->Germany

jp---->Japan

uk---->United Kingdom

As the technology of the Web evolves, URLs have become more complex. This is especially the case when content is retrieved from databases and served onto Web pages.

source http://www.internettutorials.net/www.asp

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